KERJASAMA PERDAGANGAN SERANTAU ASEAN: IMPlAN DAN REALITI
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Abstract
Perkembangan perdagangan dunia telah membuka era baru dalam tahun 1980an dengan kemunculan blok-blok perdagangan atau pakatan antara negara-negara dalam menubuhkan kesatuan serantau. Masalah kemelesetan ekonomi dunia dalam tahun 1980an, kegagalan rundingan perdagangan Tokyo dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan perdagangan di negara-negara maju melalui liberalisasi perdagangan dan kegagalan pencapaian rundingan Uruguay di Punta Del Esta, September 1986, merupakan punca kepada perkembangan ini. Perluasan penguasaan Jepun dalam ekonomi dunia dan kemunculan negara negara perindustrian baru di Asia Timur, Korea Selatan, Taiwan. Singapura dan Hongkong yang telah menggugat kebolehsaingan Amerika Syarikat dan Eropah Barat juga merupakan faktor kepada perkembangan tersebut. Untuk memastikan pertumbuhan perdagangan serta mengatasi masalah defisit perdagangan kebanyakan negara-negara maju Utara, maka berbagai halangan perdagangan bukan berbentuk tarif telah dikenakan. Ini termasuklah duti anti lambakan, duti timbal balas serta pengetatan penguatkuasaan peraturan perdagangan seperti kesihatan, keselamatan dan lain-lain. Penubuhan pakatan perdagangan juga merupakan strategi untuk mendiskriminasikan barangan negara luar daripada pakatan berkenaan.
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