KEDUDUKAN BAITULMAL DALAM PEWARISAN HARTA PUSAKA: ANALISIS HUKUM DAN PRAKTIS DI MALAYSIA
The Status of Baitulmal in Islamic Inheritance: Juristic and Practical Analysis in The Malaysian Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22452/fiqh.vol23no1.11Keywords:
Baitulmal, Inheritance, al-Radd, Dhawī al-Arḥām, MalaysiaAbstract
The baitulmal functions as the final institution responsible for managing the estates of deceased persons who have no heirs or for any surplus remaining after distribution to rightful heirs in accordance with Islamic law. Classical fuqaha’ differed in their opinions regarding the disposition of such surplus property, whether it should be allocated to the baitulmal, returned to the heirs through the principle of al-radd or inherited by the dhawī al-arḥām (extended kin). According to the Shāfi‘ī school, any surplus estate should be transferred to the baitulmal. However, later Shāfi‘ī jurists (fuqaha’ mutaakhir) maintained that the baitulmal is only entitled to receive inheritance property if it is managed properly by a just and legitimate ruler. In Malaysia, the current practice largely adheres to the classical Shāfi‘ī position that assigns the surplus estate to the baitulmal. This study aims to examine the juristic status of the baitulmal in receiving inheritance property according to fiqh and to analyze its implementation and challenges in Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising content analysis and interviews with state baitulmal officers involved in inheritance administration. The data were analysed descriptively to achieve the objectives of the study. The study concludes that in Malaysia, the baitulmal is recognized as the rightful authority entitled to receive the surplus of a deceased person’s estate. Nevertheless, legal provisions under State Islamic Administration Enactments allow for the possibility of applying the al-radd method or recognizing dhawī al-arḥām as eligible heirs through fatwa, reflecting the flexibility (murūnah) of ijtihad in preserving the welfare of heirs within the Malaysian socio-legal framework.
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