A Conceptual and Textual Analysis of Israf (Excessiveness) in The Qur'an and The New Testament
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article explores the multifaceted concept of israf (excessiveness) within the Qur’an and the New Testament. Using an analytical approach, it examines the connotations and implications of israf in religious, moral, and social contexts. A comparative method is also employed to identify similarities and differences in how israf is conceptualized within the scriptures of Christianity and Islam. The study emphasizes fostering a balanced and moderate outlook on life, promoting sustainable use of natural resources, and nurturing harmonious human relationships free from transgression, oppression, and violations of divine laws. It provides academic insights into both scriptures shared religious, ethical, and social foundations, highlighting the adverse consequences of israf in its various forms. The findings underscore the role of the Qur’an and the New Testament in advocating moderation across different aspects of human life, contributing to the development of a virtuous and humane society in contemporary contexts
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
‘Abd al-‘Azim, Hamdi. ‘Awlamah al-Fasad wa Fasad al-‘Awlama. Cairo: al-Dar al-Jami‘iyyah, 2008.
‘Abduh, Muhammad. Nahj al-Balaghah. Beirut: Dar Al-Balaghah, 1412H.
Abd Rahman, Mohd Rosimizi. Introduction to Islamic and Buddhist Personal Ethics. Nilai: Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Publisher, 2010.
Akbar, Ahmed. “Postmodernist Perceptions of Islam: Observing the Observer.” Asian Survey 31(3) (1991): 213–231. https://doi.org/10.2307/2645241.
Alcorn, Randy. Money, Possessions, and Eternity. Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers 2003.
Alhabshi, Syed & Hassan, Nik Mustafa. Islamic Civilization: Present and Future Challenges. Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia, 1997.
Al-Alusi, Abu al-Fadhl Mahmud. Ruh al-Ma‘ani fi Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azim wa al-Sab‘ al-Mathani. Beirut: Dar ‘Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, n.d.
Ball, Gordon. Watershed Experiences that Teach Us to Care About Future Generations. Malta: University of Malta & Future Generation Journal, 1999.
Al-Basha, Ahmad. Al-‘Aqidah al-Nasraniyyah bayn al-Qur’an wa al-Injil. Beirut: Dar Qutaybah li al-Tiba‘ah wa al-Nashr, 2001.
Al-Bukhari, Muhammad ibn Isma‘il. Sahih al-Bukhari. n.p.: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi, 1997.
Al-Buqa‘i, Burhan al-Din Abu al-Hasan. Nadhm al-Durr. India: Matba‘at Dar al-Ma‘arif al-‘Uthmaniyyah, 1977.
Coogan, Michael. The Ten Commandments. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.
Al-Fairuz Abadi, Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub. Al-Qamus al-Muhit. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Risalah, 1986.
Dodi, Robiansya et al.. “Excessive Lifestyle according to Al-Munir Tafsir by Wahbah Az Zuhaili.” QiST Journal of Quran and Tafseer Studies 2(1) (2022): 18-43.
Esposito, John. Religions of the West Today. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Farghali, Ali. Fi al-Akhlaq al-Islamiyyah wa al-Insaniyyah. Cairo: Dar al-Tiba‘ah al-Muhammadiyyah, 1988.
Al-Fiqi, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Qadir. “Al-Israf wa Ta’thiruh ‘ala al-Bay‘ah.” Manar Al-Islam Journal 8 (1409H).
Furqani, Hafas. “Consumption and Morality: Principles and Behavioral Framework in Islamic Economics.” Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics 30 (Special Issue) (2017): 89–102.
Ghazanfar, Mohammad & Islahi, Abdul-Azim. Economic Thought of Al-Ghazali. Jeddah: Scientific Publishing Centre, 1998.
Harrap, Henry. The Education of the Consumer. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 1950.
Hassan, Hassan Hamid. Huquq al-Insan fi al-Shari‘ah al-Islamiyyah. Cairo: Maktabah al-Shuruq al-Dawliyyah, 2009.
Ibn ‘Ashur, Muhammad al-Tahir. Al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir. Beirut: Mu’assasah al-Tarikh al-‘Arabi, 2000.
Ibn al-‘Arabi, Abu Bakr Muhammad. Ahkam al-Qur’an. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, n.d.
Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad. Musnad al-Imam Ahmad, ed. Ahmad Muhammad Shakir. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1995.
Ibn Kathir, Abu al-Fida’ Isma‘il ibn Muhammad. Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azim, ed., Sami ibn Muhammad ibn Salamah. n.p.: Dar Taybah li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi‘, 1999.
Ibn Khaldun, ‘Abd al-Rahman. Muqaddimah. Damascus: Dar Ya‘rib li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi‘, 2004.
Ibn Manzur. Lisan al-‘Arab. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 2004.
Ibn Taimiyyah, Ahmad. Al-Istiqamah, ed. Muhammad Rashad Salim. Madinah: Jami‘ah al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Sa‘ud, 1991.
Isma‘il, Fadhl Allah Hamad. Huquq al-Insan Bayn al-Fikr al-Gharbi wa al-Fikr al-Islami. Cairo: Maktabah Bustan al-Ma’rifah, 2004.
Al-Jindil, Hamad. Nazriyyat al-Tamaluk fi al-Islam. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1403H.
Al-Jurjani, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad. Al-Hashiyah al-Awla ‘ala al-Kashshaf. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2016.
Al-Jurjani, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad. Al-Ta‘rifat, ed., Ibrahim al-‘Abri. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-‘Arabi,1405H.
Keller, Timothy. Generous Justice: How God’s Grace Makes Us Just. UK: Penguin Books, 2012.
Krugman, “Consumer Behavior.” In International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences. vol. 3. New York: The Macmillan & The Free Press,1968, 351.
Le Bon, Gustave. The World of Islamic Civilization. New York: Tudor Publishing Company, 1974.
Liu, Q., “How Could a Global Ethic Be Grounded on a Religious Foundation?” Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 15 (2022): 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-021-00336-4
Al-Masri, Rafiq. Masraf al-Tanmiyyah al-Islami. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1987.
Al-Milji, Ya‘qub. Al-Akhlaq fi al-Islam ma‘a al-Muqaranah bi al-Diyanat al-Samawiyah: Al-Akhlaq al-Wad‘iyah. Cairo: Mu’asasah al-Thaqafah al-Jam‘iyyah, 1985.
Mistu, Muhy al-Din. Al-Ta‘am wa al-Sharab bayn al-I‘tidal wa al-Israf. Damascus: Dar al-Kalim al-Tayyib, 1414H.
Muhammad, ‘Abd al-Rahim. Qira’at fi al-Kutub al-Muqadissah. n.p.: n.pb., 1995.
Muslim, Abu al-Hussain. Sahih Muslim. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2005.
Nakissa, Aria, “Comparing Moralities in the Abrahamic and Indic Religions Using Cognitive Science: Kindness, Peace, and Love versus Justice, Violence, and Hate,” Religions 14(2) (2023): 203. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020203.
Al-Nawawi, Abu Zakariyya Yahya. Tahrir Alfaz al-Tanbih, ed., ‘Abd al-Ghani al-Dugr. Damascus: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1408H.
Al-Qurtubi, Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad. Al-Jami‘ li Ahkam al-Qur’an, ed. Hisham Samir al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2003.
Al-Qushayri, ‘Abd al-Karim. Lata‘if al-Isharat. Egypt: al-Hayah al-Misriyyah al-‘Ammah, n.d.
Al-Ramani, Zayd Ibn Muhammaad. Al-Israf wa al-Tabdhir: al-Mafhum, al-Asbab, al-Namadhij, al-Athar, al-Waqa’i‘ wa al-Mu‘alajah. n.p.: Dar al-Watan, 2019.
Ramiz, Muhammad. Tahrim al-Riba fi al-Islam wa al-Yahudiyyah wa al-Nasraniyyah. Jordan: Dar al-Furqan li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi’, 2004.
Al-Razi, Muhammad Fakhr al-Din. Mafatih al-Ghayb. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000.
Robiatul, Adawiyah, et al. “Tafsir Tematik Konsep Israf dalam Pengambilan Makanan Menurut Perspektif al-Quran.” UMRAN 10(2) (2023): 27-36.
Ronald, Sider. Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger: Moving from Affluence to Generosity. Scotland: Nelson, Thomas Inc., 2015. Al-Shawkani, Muhammad Ibn ‘Ali. Fath al-Qadir. n.p.: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Arabi, 1973.
Al-Tirmidhi, Muhammad ibn ‘Isa. Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi, ed. Bashar ‘Aqad Ma‘ruf. Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami, 1996.
Wilk, Richard. Morals and Metaphors: The Meaning of Consumption. Oxford: K. M. Ekstrom & H. Brembeck Berg, 2004.
Witte, John & Justin, Latterell. “Christianity and Human Rights: Past Contributions and Future Challenges.” Journal of Law and Religion 30(3) (2015): 353–85. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24739241.
Al-Zamkhshari, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn ‘Amru. Al-Kashshaf ‘an Haqa’iq al-Tanzil wa ‘Uyun al-Aqawil fi Wujuh al-Ta’wil, ed. ‘Abd al-Razzaq al-Masri. Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 2015.