Considerations in Pension Reforms: A Review of the Challenges to Sustainability and Distributive Impartiality

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of welfare reforms on the sustainability of public pension schemes. The paper reviewed past and current literature and practices of various countries to evaluate the effectiveness of reforms used from the aspect of structural and systemic parameters focusing on sustainability and distributive impartiality. This review concludes that there are no ideal pension scheme but there are reforms that have shown to be beneficial to the sustainability and distributive impartiality of pension systems and such reforms should be applied in combination to suit the economic dynamism of each individual country.