WANITA ISLAM DAN CEDAW: ISU-ISU BERKAITAN DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEKELUARGAAN ISLAM DI MALAYSIA
Muslim Women and CEDAW: Issues Related to Islamic Family Law in Malaysia
Keywords:
Muslim woman, CEDAW, reservation, gender equality, Islamic family lawAbstract
The majority of Muslim nations, including Malaysia, ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), with the exception of those provisions that conflict with Islamic teachings, particularly those that deal with Islamic family law. This article discusses conflicting issues that are related to the provisions of Article 16 (1) of CEDAW and Islamic family law in Malaysia such as gender equal rights to marriage, equal rights in divorce-related matters, and equal position between mother and father towards their children. The Islamic family law of Malaysia, the international treaty (CEDAW), and authoritative jurisprudence books as well as contemporary Islamic law texts were all examined as part of this study using a content analysis method. CEDAW’s blanket definition of the discrimination against women and make the same demands disregards of the local and social values of the Malaysian society is inappropriate. The CEDAW’s proposal for amending Islamic family law regarding marriage, divorce and parental rights in Malaysia should not be entertained because it is contradicting with the Islamic and local values uphold by the Malaysian society especially the Muslims.
Downloads
References
Al-Quran
‘Abd al-Raḥman al-Jazīrī, Kitāb al-Fiqh ‘alā al-Madhāhib al-Arba’ah (Beirūt: Dār Ibn Hazm, 2001).
Abd al-Wahhāb al-Sha’arawī, al-Yawāqit wa al-Jawāhir fī ‘Uqubah Ahl al-Kabāir, (Terj. Muhammad Ali bin Abd al-Rashid bin Abdullah al-Jawi, (Patani, Matba’ah Halabī, ed.2, t.t).
Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Seng, “Reservation to CEDAW and the Implementation of the Islamic Family Law: Issues and Challenges,” Malaysian Journal on Human Rights, vol. 3/1 (2009), http://irep.iium.edu.my/19991/1/Reservations_to_CEDAW_-_ZHMN.pdf (akses pada 1 April 2023).
Abad Badruzaman, ‘Protret kaum perempuan pra-Islam dalam al-Quran,’ Jurnal Studi al-Quran dan Tafsir, vol.3/2 (2019), 89-110.
Abī Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī, al-Muhadhdhab, vol. 2 (Miṣr: Maktabah ‘Isā al-Bābī al-Halabī, t.t).
Abī Yaḥyā Zakariyā al-Anṣārī, Fatḥ al-Wahhāb bi Sharḥ Minhāj al-Tullāb, vol. 2 (t.tp: Dār al-Iḥyā' al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah: t.t).
Abī ‘Abda Llah Muḥammad bin Idrīs al-Shāfi’ī, al-Umm, vol.2 (Miṣr: al-Dār al-Miṣriyyah, 1321H).
Abī Isḥāq al-Shīrāzī, al-Muhadhdhab, vol.2 (Miṣr: Maktabah ‘Isā al-Bābī al-Halabī, t.t).
Ahmet Furkan, The Problem of State Reservations to Human Rights Treaties: Case Study of Saudi Arabia and Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against, Women (CEDAW), Journal of Critical Reviews, vol.7/17 (2020), 1829-1839.
al-Mausū’ah al-Fiqhiyah al-Kuwaitiyyah, vol.29 (Kuwait: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah, 1993).
Amina Wadud, Qur’an and Women: Rereading the Sacred Text from a Women’s Perspective, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam (Wilayah-Wilayah Persekutuan) 1984 (Akta 303).
Al-Qurtubī, al-Jāmi‘ li Ahkām al-Qur’ān, vol.4 (Bayrūt: Mu’assasah al-Risālah, 2006).
Aziza al-Hibri, 'A Study of Islamic Herstory: Or How Did We Ever Get into this Mess?' Women and Islam: Women's Studies International Forum Magazines, vol.5/2 (1982), 207-219.
Burhān al-Dīn Abī al-Hassan ‘Alī bin Abī Bakar bin ‘Abd al-Jalīl al-Rashdānī al-Marghīnānī, al-Hidāyah Sharḥ Bidāyah al-Mubtadā, vol.2 (Miṣr: Maktabah Mustafā al-Bābī al-Halabī, t.t).
Bila tak sah, boleh jadi anak zina’, Mufti perjelas status zuriat hasil kahwin lain agama. https://majoriti.com.my/mukmin/2022/09/15/bila-tak-sah-boleh-jadi-anak-zina-mufti-perjelas-status-zuriat-hasil-kahwin-lain-agama (akses pada 24 Mac 2023)
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/text/econvention.htm. (akses pada 15 September 2021).
Daud bin Abdullah al-Fatanī, Jam' al-Fawāid wa Jawāhir al-Qalāid, (Miṣr: Muṣtafā al-Bābī al-Halābī, 1346H).
Elin Andersson & Linn Togelius, “Women Oppressed in the Name of Culture and Religion: Saudi Arabia and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.” Global and Political Studies (Autumn 2010): 1-39. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1483180/FULLTEXT01.pdf (akses pada 31 Mac 2023).
Eva Mir’atun Niswah, ‘Hukum Perkawinan Islam di Indonesia Perspektif CEDAW’, Al-Ahwal, vol.5/2 (2012), 93-110.
Fazlur Rahman, Major Themes of the Qur’an (Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1980).
Helen Bowman, “Safeguarding Women’s Rights: Investigating the Effectiveness of the Convention on the Elimination All Form of Discrimination against Women CEDAW,” Undercurrent Journal, vol. 9/1 (2012), 49-58.
Īnās ‘Abbās Ibrāhīm, Ri’āyah al- Tufūlah fī al-Sharī’ah al-Islāmiyyah, (Miṣr: Dār al-Buḥūth al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1985).
Khalif Muammar A. Harris & Adibah Muhtar, Konsep Kesetaraan Gender Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Barat, AFKAR, vol. 21/2 (2019), 33-74.
‘Menteri: Tiada Keperluan Naik Had Usia Minimum Kahwin Bagi Perempuan’, 16 Dis 2021, https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/603255, (akses pada 5 Januari 2022).
Mohamad Razif, ‘Perkahwinan dengan Perempuan Ahli Kitab’ https://muftiwp.gov.my/en/artikel/al-kafi-li-al-fatawi/1389-al-kafi-li-al-fatawi-siri-ke-484-perkahwinan-dengan-perempuan-ahli-kitab, (akses pada 30 September 2022).
Muhammad 'Uqlah, Nizām al-Usrah fī al-Islām, vol.1, (‘Ammān: Maktabah al-Risālah al-Hadīthah, 1989).
Muna ‘Adila Che Rime, Hormati Reservasi CEDAW (Terengganu: TSIS, 2020).
Musawah & Sisters in Islam, “Joint Report on Muslim Family Law and Muslim Women’s Rights in Malaysia,” 2018: 6-8 https://www.musawah.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Malaysia-SIS-Musawah-Joint-Thematic-Report-2018-CEDAW69.pdf (akses pada 1 April 2023).
Muṣṭafā al-Khin, Muṣṭafā al-Bughā & ‘Ali al-Sharbajī, al-Fiqh al-Manhajī ‘alā Madhhab al-Imām al-Shāfi’ī, vol.2 (Dimashq: Dār al-Qalam, 2000).
Nadzrah Ahmad, Rabiah Aminudin, Roslina Othman, Norzulaili Ghazali & Nurul Syuhada Ismail, ‘CEDAW Implementation in Malaysia: An Overview of Reservations from Islamic Perspective’, Intellectual Discourse, Special Issue (2017), 615–35.
Neil A. Englehart and Melissa K. Miller, “The CEDAW Effect: International Law's Impact on Women's Rights,” Journal of Human Rights, vol.13 (2014), 22–47.
Nik Noriani Nik Badli Shah, Justice in Islamic and Western Legal-Political Thought: A Dual Heritage Affecting Gender Justice in Malaysia. (Kuala Lumpur: International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies Malaysia, 2012).
Nora Abdul Hak, ‘Women’s rights and the impact of CEDAW’, dalam Human Rights Law: International, Malaysian and Islamic Perspectives, ed. Abdul Ghafur Hamid @ Khin Maung Sein (Petaling Jaya: Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2012).
Nurulbahiah Awang, Islamic Family Law in Malaysia and Reservations into Article 16 of CEDAW, 6 th Muzakarah Fiqh & International Conference 2022, 13th & 14th December 2022, 27. http://conference.kuis.edu.my/mfifc/images/e-proceeding2022/2006-DR_NURUL_BAHIYYAH.pdf (akses pada 1 April 2023).
‘Perkahwinan Sesama Jantina,’ Melaka Syariah Court, https://www.mahsyariahmelaka.gov.my/judgement/files/MTS/Perkahwinan_Sesama_Jantina.pdf, (akses pada 29 Sept 2022).
Perlembagaan Persekutuan
Shaheen Sardar Ali, Conceptualising Islamic Law, CEDAW and Women’s Human Rights in Plural Legal Settings: A Comparative Analysis of Application of CEDAW in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan (Delhi: UNIFEM Regional Office, 2006).
Shams al-Dīn al-Shaykh Muḥammad al-Dusūqī, Hāshiyah al-Dusūqī ‘alā al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr, vol.2 (al-Qāhirah: Maktabah Zahrān, t.t).
Sisters in Islam, Are Women and Men Equal Before Allah? (Petaling Jaya: Sisters in Islam, 2006);
Sulaymān bin Ash’ath Abī Dāwūd al-Sajistānī, Sunan, vol.1 (Kāfūr: Matba’ah al-Majīdī, 1387H).
Sulaymān bin Ash’ath Abī Dāwūd al-Sajistānī, Sunan, vol.3. (Beirūt: al-Maktabah al-‘Asriyyah, t.t).
Taqī al-Dīn Abī Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Husaynī ad-Dimashqī. Kifāyah al-Akhyār. (Beirūt: Dār al-Fikr, t.t).
Wahbah al-Zuhailī, al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuhu, vol. 9 (Dimashq: Dār al-Fikr, 1997).
Women’s Aid Organisation (WAO) & Joint Action Group for Gender Equality (JAG) (2019). The Status of Women’s Human Rights: 24 Years of CEDAW in Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Women’s Aid Organisation.
Yvonne Haddad, “Muhammad Abduh: Pioneer of Islamic Reform,” dalam Ali Rehmana (ed), Pioneers of Islamic Revival, (London/New York, Zed Books, 2005).
Zakariyyā al-Bārrī, Aḥkām al-Awlād fī al-Islām (al-Qāhirah: al-Maktabah al-‘Arabiyyah,1964).
Zanariah Noor, ‘Gender Justice and Islamic Family Law Reform in Malaysia’, Kajian Malaysia, vol. 25/2 (2013), 121-156.
Kes-Kes
Abd Razak v Maria Menado [1965] 1 MLJ xvi.
Johan bin Abdul Walked Shaik v Runa Bangoe Olsen [2018] 3 ShLR 88.
Siti Fatimah bte Abd Karim v Majlis Agama Islam Melaka [2007] 2 ShLR 136.
Syed Abdullah al-Shatiri v Shariffa Salmah [1959] 1 MLJ 137.
Wan Abdul Aziz lwn Siti Aishah, (1975) 1 JH 47.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Syariah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
COPYRIGHT: All rights reserved. Not allowed to be reproduced any part of articles and contents of this journal in any form or by any way, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission in writing from the Chief Editor, Jurnal Syariah.
